Chapter 1: Structural Modeling

• 1.1   Introduction

  5

  1.2   Free-body diagram

  9

Chapter 2: Loads

2.1 Introduction

13

2.2 Types of loads

14

2.2.1 Point load

16

2.2.2 Uniform load

17

2.2.3 Non-uniformly distributed load

17

2.2.4 Moments

20

2.3 Load distribution in concrete structures

22

Chapter 3: Supports and Reactions

3.1 Introduction

35

3.2 Types of supports

35

3.2.1 Roller support

37

3.2.2 Hinged support

39

3.2.3 Fixed support

41

3.2.4 Link support

43

3.2.5 Intermediate hinge

44

3.3 Equilibrium

46

3.4 Calculation of reactions

48

3.5 Examples

49

Chapter 4: Stability and Determinacy

4.1 Introduction

69

4.2 Stability

69

4.3 Determinacy

73

Chapter 5: Internal Forces for Beams

5.1 Introduction

83

5.2 Determination of internal forces at a section

86

5.2.1 Normal force

87

5.2.2 Shear force

91

5.2.3 Bending moment

96

5.3 Relations between load, shear and moment

100

5.4 Internal force diagrams

106

5.4.1 Normal force diagram

106

5.4.2 Shear force diagram

109

5.4.3 Bending moment diagram

118

5.5 Maximum bending moment and its position

129

5.6 Common cases of loading

131

5.7 Principle of superposition

139

5.8 General Examples

141

5.9 Problems

151

Chapter 6: Analysis of Statically Determinate Frames

6.1 Introduction

157

6.2 Calculation of reactions

157

6.3 Determination of internal forces

167

6.4 Internal force diagrams

167

6.5 Problems

188

Chapter 7: Analysis of Statically Determinate Arches

7.1 Introduction

193

7.2 Calculation of reactions

194

7.3 Determination of internal forces at a section

198

Chapter 8: Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses

8.1 Introduction

201

8.2 Classification of trusses

205

8.3 Stability and determinacy

207

8.4 Method of joints

213

8.5 Method of sections

224

8.6 Space trusses

237

Chapter 1: Influence Lines

• 1.1 Introduction

  5

  1.2 Methods used to plot influence lines

  9

  1.3 Basic Method

  9

  1.3.1 Influence lines for beams

  10

  1.3.2 Influence lines for trusses

  34

  1.3.3 Influence lines for frames

  38

  1.4 Kinematic Method

  45

  1.5 Calculation of maximum influence at a point

  51

  1.5.1 Maximum influence due to concentrated loads

  51

  1.5.2 Absolute maximum influence

  53

  1.5.3 Maximum influence due to uniform loads

  57

  1.6 Cases of loading and envelopes

  58

Chapter 1: Statically Indeterminate Structures

• 1.1 Introduction

  5

  1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of indeterminate structures

  6

  1.2.1 Response to settlement of support

  6

  1.2.2 Response to changes in temperature

  7

  1.2.3 Response to tolerance problems during construction

  7

  1.2.4 Construction aspects

  8

  1.2.5 Behavior aspects

  8

  1.3 Redundancy

  9

  1.4 Boundary conditions

  15

  1.5 Compatibility

  16

  1.6 Degrees of freedom

  16

  1.7 Principle of superposition

  17

  1.8 Maxwell-Betti Theorem (Reciprocal Theorem)

  18

  1.9 Deformation of structures

  19

  1.10 Principle of virtual work

  24

  1.11 Methods for the solution of statically indet. structures

  25

  1.11.1 The compatibility method (the force method)

  25

  1.11.2 The equilibrium method (the displacement method)

  26

Chapter 1

• 1.1 Introduction

  5

  1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of indeterminate structures

  6

  1.3 Redundancy

  9

  1.4 Boundary conditions

  10

  1.5 Compatibility

  11

  1.6 Degrees of freedom

  11

  1.7 Methods for the solution of indeterminate structures

  12

  1.7.1 The compatibility method (the force method)

  12

  1.7.2 The equilibrium method (the displacement method)

  13

6. Construction Materials

7. Structural Steel

Chapter 1: Introduction

• 1.1 Advantages of steel as a building material

  1

  1.2 Disadvantages of steel as a building material .

  2

  1.3 Comparison between steel and RC structures

  2

  1.4 Field of steel structures

  2

  1.5 Specifications and Codes

  4

  1.6 Structural steel

  5

  1.7 Classification of cross sections

  5

  1.8 Types of steel cross sections

  6

Chapter 2: Steel Hanger

• 2. Steel hanger

  9

  2.1 Steps for the design of steel hanger

  9

  2.2 Choice of the system

  9

  2.3 Drawing of the general layout

  11

  2.3.2 Bracing system (Wind bracing)

  13

  2.3.3 Covering system

  15

  2.3.4 Finising

  15

  2.4 Calculation of loads and internal forces

  33

  2.4.1 Cases of loading

  33

  2.4.2 Loads

  34

  2.4.3 Internal forces

  41

  2.4.4 Design forces (Critical forces)

  46

  2.5 Design of structural elements

  49

  2.5.1 Buckling

  49

  2.5.2 Allowable stresses

  54

  2.5.3 Factor of safety and its reasons

  55

  2.5.4 Sections used in different members

  64

  2.5.5 Design of tension members

  65

  2.5.5.1 Choice of section of tension members

  68

  2.5.6 Design of compression members

  80

  2.5.6.1 Allowable stresses in compression members

  80

  2.5.6.2 Choice of section of compression members

  81

  2.5.6.3 Tie (Batten) plates

  82

  2.5.6.4 Slenderness ratio of Battened compression members

  83

  2.5.7 Design of zero members

  88

  2.5.8 General considerations for the choice of members

  88

  2.6 Design of connections

  90

  2.6.1 Methods of connection in steel structures

  90

  2.6.2 Bolted connections

  90

  2.6.3 Welded connections

  112

  2.7 Drawing of details

  124

The program tries to help you to test your basic engineering knowledge’s. In version 1.0, there are 100 questions about units, definitions, etc… The arrangement of the questions as will as the answers is random. In each question, there are four answers; one of them either wrong or doesn’t agree with the definition, try to find out this odd answer. If you do well from the first time your degree will be 100% in this question. If not your maximum degree will be reduced by 25% and so on. You will see the total degree for all previous questions.

The program tries to help you to test your basic engineering knowledge’s. In version 1.0, there are 100 questions about units, definitions, etc… The arrangement of the questions as will as the answers is random. In each question, there are four answers; one of them either wrong or doesn’t agree with the definition, try to find out this odd answer. If you do well from the first time your degree will be 100% in this question. If not your maximum degree will be reduced by 25% and so on. You will see the total degree for all previous questions.

3. KaderColumn 1.1 Program

The program deals with tied short columns. It designs columns subjected to up to six cases of loading consisted of axial load and bending moment applied about the maximum principle axis. The program constructs the column strength interaction diagram (Bending moment-Axial load curve and check if all input cases of loading being within the design curve. If the input data of the cross-section is not sufficient the program increases them starting from the Min. Roh to the cross-sectional dimensions until all input cases of loading being within the design curve. The program suggests an arrangement of ties and draws them. (US and SI units)